Colombian cities and seismic risk: what the specialist reveals

On August 10, 2026, Professor Juan Carlos Obando of the University of Antioquia highlighted that old constructions without structural calculations are the most vulnerable to earthquakes. The analysis is based on observations from recent earthquakes in the country.

Pre-1983 Buildings and the Lack of Structural Calculation

According to Obando, buildings erected before 1983 and those that did not involve a calculating engineer exhibit greater fragility in the event of an earthquake. This vulnerability stems from the absence of designs that account for seismic forces.

Seismic‑resistance Standards in Force Since 1984

The professor explained that after the devastating Popayán earthquake in 1983, a seismic‑resistance regulation became mandatory starting in 1984. This standard defines technical requirements aimed at reducing the risk of building collapse.

Behavior of Structures in the Eje Cafetero Earthquake

Obando noted that during the earthquake that struck the Eje Cafetero, buildings designed according to the regulation showed a distinct performance compared to older structures that did not meet current requirements. This difference demonstrates the effectiveness of the standards when properly applied.

Assessment of Structural versus Non‑structural Damage

He emphasized that the presence of visible damage does not necessarily indicate an imminent risk of collapse. When cracks affect structural elements, such as columns of a frame system, the building’s stability is compromised. Conversely, damage to non‑structural components, like masonry parts, does not jeopardize integrity, although it still needs to be evaluated.

Challenges in Supervision During Construction

Compliance with the regulation starts with the technical review of projects by urban curators, who are responsible for validating the drawings before issuing permits. However, Obando warned that ensuring strict adherence to the specifications during construction remains a significant obstacle.

Impact of Economic Conditions on Vulnerability

Finally, the engineer highlighted that vulnerability is linked to the economic conditions of sectors. In areas with fewer resources, incorporating technical studies and specialized professionals can be more difficult, increasing seismic risk for the local population.

With information from El Colombiano.